Optimization of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy parameters from the design of experiments for multi-element qualitative analysis in river sediment

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a fast, low analytical cost, environmentally clean technique that does not require the use of reagents for sample preparation. However, regardless LIBS setup, it has limitations in terms sensitivity and precision, especially when applied to complex samples, such as river sediment. To overcome these limitations, this work, different experimental parameters were optimized multi-element analysis sediment using design experiments (DOE) approaches, i.e., fractional factorial central composite designs (CCD). The findings demonstrated DOE can be used an efficient tool optimizing key affecting by LIBS.